Search results for " placenta"

Genome-wide DNA methylation study in human placenta identifies novel loci associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy

2016

BACKGROUND: We conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of DNA methylation in placenta in relation to maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy and examined whether smoking-induced changes lead to low birthweight. METHODS: DNA methylation in placenta was measured using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in 179 participants from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) birth cohort. Methylation levels across 431 311 CpGs were tested for differential methylation between smokers and non-smokers in pregnancy. We took forward three top-ranking loci for further validation and replication by bisulfite pyrosequencing using data of 248 additional participants of the INMA cohort. We ex…

Methylmercury-induced developmental toxicity is associated with oxidative stress and cofilin phosphorylation. Cellular and human studies

2017

Environmental exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) during development is of concern because it is easily incorporated in children’s body both pre- and post-natal, it acts at several levels of neural pathways (mitochondria, cytoskeleton, neurotransmission) and it causes behavioral impairment in child. We evaluated the effects of prolonged exposure to 10–600 nM MeHg on primary cultures of mouse cortical (CCN) and of cerebellar granule cells (CGC) during their differentiation period. In addition, it was studied if prenatal MeHg exposure correlated with altered antioxidant defenses and cofilin phosphorylation in human placentas (n = 12) from the INMA cohort (Spain). Exposure to MeHg for 9 days in v…

Attuali orientamenti nella diagnosi e nel trattamento delle aderenze placentari patologiche: la nostra esperienza

2010

The abnormal adherence of the placenta is a disease characterized by an anomalous miometrial infiltration of Chorionic villi. This event blocks the regular detachment of placenta in post partum and sometimes a severe bleeding that causes the urgency of a caesarean section. In the past years the incidence of this pathology has increased to about 1 in 500/600 deliveries. The cause of abnormal adherence of placenta is unknown but there are some risk factors such as prior caesarean sections, women older than 35 years of age and placenta previa. The early diagnosis is very important and it can be done by Eco-Color-doppler (eventually associated with 3d technique) and Magnetic Resonance. Objectiv…

Modificazioni morfo-strutturali placentari nel ritardo di crescita asimmetrico idiopatico [Morphological and structural placental changes in intraute…

2008

Obiettivo: valutare le alterazioni dello sviluppo e della struttura dei villi conati di placente di gravidanze con ritardo di crescita fetale asimmetrico idiopatico (IUGR) tardivo. Pazienti e metodi: sono state esaminate 45 placente di pazienti con IUGR idiopatico con parto, per via vaginale o addominale, espletato dal gennaio 2001 al dicembre 2007. L’esame istologico è stato condotto secondo le linee guida del Gruppo Italiano di Anatomia Patologica. La diagnosi di IUGR è stata posta sulla base dell’evidenza clinica ed ultrasonica di ridotta crescita fetale e basso peso neonatale in associazione a riduzione del liquido amniotico e a placenta “matura” all’esame USG. Risultati: l’esame istol…

CD133 expression in placenta chorioangioma presenting as a giant asymptomatic mass

2021

Background: Placental chorioangioma is the most common benign non-trophoblastic neoplasm of the placenta. Its clinical relevance lies in the size of the tumor since larger masses cause pregnancy complications, including an unfavorable neonatal outcome. Case presentation: We report the case of a 34-year-old second gravida and nullipara at the 35th week of gestation, admitted to the gynecological department for antibiotic-resistant fever. The cardiotocography performed during hospitalization showed an abnormal fetal pattern. A 2250 g newborn was delivered by cesarean section. No complications were observed during childbirth and postpartum was insignificant. On gross inspection a white fleshy …

HUMAN CHROMOSOME 4 SYNTENIC ASSOCIATIONS IN PLACENTAL MAMMALS

2009

Die proteingebundenen Kohlenhydrate in den einzelnen Zellfraktionen der menschlichen Placenta

1956

Zur Klarung der Frage, ob zwischen dem Gehalt an proteingebundenen Polysacchariden und dem Choriongonadotropin — ebenfalls einem Glykoproteid — in den einzelnen Zellfraktionen der Placenta eine Beziehung besteht, wurden 20 reife, frische Placenten und 5 Blasenmolen in ihre einzelnen Zellelemente (Zellkern, Mitochondrien, Cytoplasma+Mikrosomen) getrennt und chemisch auf ihren Gehalt an proteingebundenen Polysacchariden — Glucosamin, Mannose, Galaktose — untersucht. Wir fanden folgende Konzentrationen bei Placenten am Ende der Schwangerschaft (ausgedruckt in γ/mg N).Glucosamin: Gesamt=65, Zellkerne=36, Mitochondrien=47, Cytoplasma + Mikrosomen=99;Hexosen: Gesamt=319, Zellkerne=266, Mitochondr…

Prenatal exposure to mixtures of xenoestrogens and repetitive element DNA methylation changes in human placenta

2014

BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) has previously shown to alter epigenetic marks. OBJECTIVES: In this work we explore whether prenatal exposure to mixtures of xenoestrogens has the potential to alter the placenta epigenome, by studying DNA methylation in retrotransposons as a surrogate of global DNA methylation. METHODS: The biomarker total effective xenoestrogen burden (TEXB) was measured in 192 placentas from participants in the longitudinal INMA Project. DNA methylation was quantitatively assessed by bisulfite pyrosequencing on 10 different retrotransposons including 3 different long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), 4 short interspersed nuclear …

Second trimester uterine arteries pulsatility index is a function of placental pathology and provides insights on stillbirth aetiology: A multicenter…

2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between maternal vascular malperfusions (MVM) and second trimester uterine arteries pulsatility index (UtA-PI) in cases of stillbirth (SB), compared to live-birth (LB) matched controls. Methods: This was a multicentre, observational, matched case-control study performed at five referral maternity centres over a 4-year period including SB and LB control pregnancies at high-risk for preeclampsia (PE) and/or fetal growth restriction (FGR), matched and stratified for UtA-PI MoM quartiles values of the SB cases. Logistic regression was used to assess the rates of each MVM finding, within each increasing MoM quartile subcate…

Classification of human placental villi. I. Histology.

1979

The classification of human placental villi was reviewed on the basis of material prepared by means of special methods. The material from in situ normal-term placentae was biopsied by aspiration into glutaraldehyde. The classification was made on the basis of light-microscopic observations of semithin sections, reconstructions from serial sections, and scanning-electron micrographs. The peripheral villous tree is roughly divided into stem (ramuli), intermediate and terminal villi. The intermediate villi may be further subdivided as mature and immature types, which are found between the stem and terminal villi. Some of the terminal villi possess a local specialization described as the neck r…